Transparency

Data Sources & Update Schedule

GrainBrief packages public market, weather, freight, and economic datasets into decision-support signals. Here is exactly what we pull, when it refreshes, and where to verify it yourself.

Not every feed is real-time. GrainBrief refreshes each source on the cadence its publishing agency supports: some are daily, some weekly, some monthly, some seasonal, and some annual. We label refresh timing clearly so buyers know which signals are current operating intelligence and which are slower-moving benchmarks.

Free Intelligence Layers Being Packaged

GrainBrief's value is the synthesis layer: turning public data into procurement timing, basis risk, fieldwork windows, and supplier negotiation signals.

NOAA CPC outlooks

6-10 day, 8-14 day, monthly, and seasonal temperature/precipitation probabilities for weather-driven buying risk.

NASA POWER

Free ag-weather history and near-real-time weather variables for county-level stress scoring and local demo personalization.

USGS river levels

River gauge data for barge freight and basis stress on the Mississippi, Ohio, Illinois, and Missouri corridors.

WASDE surprise tracker

Monthly carryout-to-use and supply/demand deltas converted into plain-English bullish/bearish pressure.

Live Data Status

Grain Cash Bids

USDA AMS MyMarketNews — 11 states
Daily
Corn, soybean, and wheat elevator cash bids from Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, Minnesota, Indiana, Ohio, Wisconsin, Missouri, Kansas, Michigan, North and South Dakota.
Updates: Mon–Fri by 10am CT Official source →

Fertilizer Prices (Retail)

USDA AMS Production Cost Reports
Bi-weekly
Retail prices for anhydrous ammonia, urea, UAN 28/32, DAP, MAP, potash, diesel, and propane — Iowa and Illinois benchmark reports.
Updates: Every other Tuesday Report 2863 →

Grain Prices Paid (NASS)

USDA NASS QuickStats API
Annual
USDA survey of prices farmers paid for fertilizers, seeds, chemicals, and fuel — national and state averages. Annual survey with some monthly updates.
Updates: Annually (current year) QuickStats →

Crop Progress & Condition

USDA NASS Weekly Crop Progress
Weekly
% planted, emerged, silking, dough, dented, mature, harvested — plus Good/Excellent condition ratings for corn, soybeans, and winter wheat by state. Highly correlated with short-term futures moves.
Mondays 4:00pm ET (Apr–Nov) Official →

Crop Insurance Prices (RMA)

USDA Risk Management Agency
Feb & Oct
Official USDA RMA projected price (Feb 1) and harvest price (Oct 31) for Revenue Protection crop insurance — the floor prices used in every RP insurance contract. Essential context for every marketing decision.
Feb 1 (projected) | Oct 31 (harvest) RMA Prices →

Export Sales (FAS)

USDA Foreign Agricultural Service
Thursday
Weekly gross new export sales and accumulated marketing-year shipments for corn, soybeans, wheat, and sorghum. Largest weekly market-moving government data release in grain.
Thursdays 8:30am ET — we pull 8:45am USDA FAS →

Export Inspections (FGIS)

USDA Federal Grain Inspection Service
Thursday
Weekly grain volumes physically loaded onto vessels at Gulf, Pacific Northwest, and Atlantic export terminals. The execution layer that confirms (or contradicts) FAS sales commitments.
Thursdays morning — we pull 9:00am FGIS →

CFTC Commitment of Traders

CFTC Public Reporting Portal (Socrata)
Friday
Managed-money (speculative fund) net futures positions for corn, soybeans, wheat, sorghum, oats, soybean meal, and soybean oil. Best 2–4 week leading indicator of price direction.
Fridays ~3:30pm ET — we pull 4:00pm CFTC →

WASDE Supply/Demand

USDA FAS PSD Open Data API
Monthly
U.S. and world supply, use, trade, and ending stocks for corn, soybeans, and wheat — the machine-readable version of the WASDE report. Carryout-to-use ratio drives GrainBrief's directional signal.
2nd Tuesday of month, 12:00pm ET USDA PSD →

Grain Basis (AgTransport)

USDA AgTransport Socrata API
Weekly
Regional grain basis (cash price minus futures) and fertilizer prices by USDA region — corn, soybeans, wheat across major producing areas. Free Socrata open data API.
Weekly (mid-week) AgTransport →

Corn-Ethanol Crush Margin

Derived: EIA + FRED + USDA AMS
Daily
Calculated crush margin = ethanol revenue (EIA) minus corn cost (USDA AMS Iowa cash) minus natural gas (FRED Henry Hub). Positive crush = ethanol plants bidding aggressively for corn. Updated daily after 6am CT ingest run.
Daily after 6:15am CT Crush page →

Soybean Crush Margin

Derived: USDA AMS DDG + Meal reports
Weekly
Soybean crush margin = soybean oil revenue + soybean meal revenue minus soybean cash price. From USDA AMS National Grain & Oilseed Processor report (MARS report 3511) + DDG report (3618).
Weekly (Friday with DDG report) Report 3511 →

Diesel & Propane (EIA)

U.S. Energy Information Administration
Weekly
National retail diesel (No. 2 Ultra Low Sulfur) and propane prices — direct farm operating cost inputs. Released in the EIA Weekly Petroleum Status Report.
Mondays 4:30pm ET EIA API →

Fertilizer PPI & Natural Gas

FRED — Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Weekly/Monthly
Henry Hub natural gas spot (drives ammonia/nitrogen pricing), WTI crude oil, PPI for fertilizers & ag chemicals, and retail diesel proxy. All pulled via FRED public CSV (no key required).
Natural gas: daily | PPI: monthly FRED →

Drought Monitor

NOAA / University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Weekly
% of each state in D0 (abnormally dry) through D4 (exceptional drought). D2+ coverage in Iowa or Illinois during July is historically the most powerful bullish price catalyst in grain markets.
Thursdays — covers as of Tuesday Drought Monitor →

GDD Forecasts

NOAA National Weather Service API
Daily (May–Sep)
7-day Growing Degree Day accumulation forecasts for 18 Corn Belt NWS stations. GDD deficit vs. the 30-year normal combined with drought coverage drives the GrainBrief Yield Risk Score during the growing season.
Daily (growing season only) NWS API →

Weekly Data Release Calendar

Government data releases follow a strict calendar. GrainBrief processes each release within 15–30 minutes of publication. Subscribers receive automated alerts tied to the highest-impact releases.

Day Time (ET) Data Release Source Commodities Why It Matters Cost
Every Day 6:00am CTGrainBrief pull Cash Grain Bids (11 states) USDA AMS MARS Corn, Soybeans, Wheat, Sorghum Elevator bids — the price farmers actually receive. Basis calculated vs. CBOT nearby. FREE
Every Day 6:15am CTDerived after cash bids Corn-Ethanol Crush Margin EIA + FRED + USDA AMS Corn, Ethanol, Natural Gas Tells you whether ethanol plants are profitable and competing aggressively for corn. DERIVED
Monday 4:00pm ETApr–Nov only Crop Progress & Condition USDA NASS Corn, Soybeans, Winter Wheat, Cotton, Spring Wheat G/E condition ratings are the most correlated weekly signal to short-term futures moves during the growing season. FREE
Monday 4:30pm ET EIA Weekly Petroleum (Diesel/Propane) U.S. EIA Diesel, Propane, Gasoline Direct farm operating cost input. Propane drives grain drying cost in fall harvest season. FREE
Thursday 8:30am ETWe pull at 8:45am USDA FAS Export Sales Report USDA Foreign Ag Service Corn, Soybeans, Wheat, Sorghum, Soy Meal, Cotton Gross new export sales + marketing year pace vs. USDA target. Single most market-moving weekly release. Large China corn/soy purchases move futures $0.10–$0.25/bu within 30 minutes. FREE
Thursday 8:30am ETWe pull at 9:00am USDA FGIS Export Inspections USDA Federal Grain Inspection Service Corn, Soybeans, Wheat, Sorghum, Oats, Barley Physical grain loaded onto ships at Gulf/PNW/Atlantic terminals. Confirms whether FAS sales commitments are actually being executed. FREE
Thursday Releases middayWe pull Thursday night NOAA Drought Monitor Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln / NOAA / USDA All Corn Belt and major ag states State-level D0–D4 drought coverage. D2+ in Iowa/IL during July = strongest bullish price signal in grain markets. FREE
Thursday Every other week USDA AMS Production Cost Reports USDA AMS MyMarketNews Anhydrous Ammonia, Urea, UAN 28/32, DAP, MAP, Potash, Diesel, Propane Bi-weekly retail fertilizer prices from Iowa and Illinois — the Corn Belt benchmark for input cost planning. FREE
Friday ~3:30pm ETWe pull 4:00pm CFTC Commitment of Traders CFTC Public Reporting Portal Corn (ZC), Soybeans (ZS), Wheat (ZW, KE, MWE), Oats, Soy Meal, Soy Oil, Urea, DAP, Anhydrous Managed-money net positions as of Tuesday close. Swings of 20,000+ contracts in one week historically precede a price reversal within 2–3 weeks. FREE
Friday Weekly DDG & Soybean Crush Prices USDA AMS MARS (Reports 3511, 3616, 3618) Distillers Dried Grains, Wet DG, Soybean Meal, Soybean Oil Co-products of ethanol and soybean crushing. DDG prices affect corn ethanol crush margin. Soybean meal + oil prices drive soybean crush profitability. FREE
2nd Tuesday 12:00pm ETMonthly WASDE Supply/Demand Report USDA FAS PSD Open Data API Corn, Soybeans, Wheat, Cotton, Sorghum — U.S. and world Official USDA carryout (ending stocks) and supply/demand balance. A 50M bu corn carryout revision can move futures $0.15–$0.30/bu within minutes. GrainBrief updates all carryout-to-use ratios within 30 minutes of release. FREE
Feb 1 All dayAnnual RMA Crop Insurance Projected Price USDA Risk Management Agency Corn, Soybeans, Winter Wheat, Spring Wheat, Cotton The February discovery period average price — the floor used in Revenue Protection (RP) crop insurance contracts. Every marketing decision from March through harvest is made relative to this number. FREE
Oct 31 All dayAnnual RMA Crop Insurance Harvest Price USDA Risk Management Agency Corn, Soybeans, Winter Wheat, Spring Wheat, Cotton The October discovery average — determines whether RP insurance pays an indemnity. If harvest price > projected price, the insurance floor moves up. Farmers need this to know their minimum guaranteed revenue. FREE
Monthly Various NASS Prices Paid Survey USDA NASS QuickStats Fertilizers, Fuels, Seeds, Chemicals Annual survey prices farmers paid for inputs — national and state-level. Used for 5-year average benchmarking and cost-of-production calculations. FREE
Daily ContinuousGrowing season NOAA NWS GDD Forecasts NOAA National Weather Service API All Corn Belt states (18 NWS stations) 7-day Growing Degree Day accumulation for Corn Belt. GDD deficit + drought coverage = GrainBrief Yield Risk Score, a proxy for weather-driven price risk. Active May–September. FREE

Frequently Asked Questions

How accurate is the data?

GrainBrief prioritizes official public APIs and open data portals, then clearly labels source cadence. Raw observations come from the named source where available; GrainBrief-derived signals, indexes, and risk scores are calculated from those inputs. Government datasets can be revised, delayed, incomplete, or unavailable, so the data is only as current and accurate as the underlying source publication.

Why are cash bids not live real-time?

USDA AMS publishes elevator bid data after morning collection each business day — typically by 10am CT. True real-time cash bids require a paid licensing agreement with data aggregators like Barchart or DTN who collect directly from elevators via proprietary systems. GrainBrief uses the free USDA data because it covers the same elevators, lags by only a few hours, and costs you nothing. For decisions that require real-time bids (like a same-day cash sale), call your elevator directly.

When does GrainBrief's daily ingest run?

The main ingest job runs at 6:00am CT every day, pulling all sources that have new data. Thursday ingest runs a second pull at 8:45am CT specifically for USDA FAS export sales and FGIS export inspections (which release at 8:30am ET). Friday ingest runs a third pull at 4:00pm CT for the CFTC COT release. Derived signals (crush margins) compute after the 6:00am data is in the database.

What is not covered yet?

GrainBrief is a growing platform. We do not yet have: real-time CME futures quotes (requires paid exchange licensing), local elevator bid data from states outside our 11 covered by USDA AMS reports, ocean freight rates (Baltic Dry Index requires paid subscription), private crop tour estimates (Pro Farmer, StoneX — proprietary), or individual elevator-level basis by ZIP code (Barchart has this in their paid API). If there is a specific data source you want to see added, sign up and let us know.

Can I access the raw data via API?

GrainBrief API access is available on the Enterprise tier. The API delivers the same normalized price snapshots, COT positions, and export sales data in JSON format — useful for co-ops building member dashboards, agronomists building cost models, or developers integrating grain market data into other applications. Contact us for Enterprise pricing.

Are all these data sources really free?

The core sources listed here are public or open-access sources with their own terms, attribution rules, rate limits, and no-endorsement requirements. GrainBrief's value is not exclusive ownership of the public data; it is the synthesis layer that translates many source feeds into a single, practical weekly signal with refresh timing disclosed.

Get the Weekly Signal, Not Just the Data

All 9 data sources, synthesized into a plain-English buy/hold/wait outlook for your commodity and region — delivered every Monday morning before the market opens.

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Page reviewed: 2026-06-03 Topic: source-health transparency Sources: USDA, FRED, EIA, NOAA/NWS, NASA POWER, USGS, CFTC, and other public feeds

GrainBrief public pages show source context and plain-English interpretation. Subscriber views expose live ingest status, source cadence, and latest successful refresh by feed.